No, the file stays on the hard drive, but the space it was using is "marked" as "free to use", so operating system may overwrite it as soon as you start copying files or do anything that makes your hard drive buzz. Windows de-fragmentation tool - if you run it, all files will be lined up for better performance and those lost file chunks will be "cleaned up".
If you have deleted very important file, don't try to copy or move anything, don't run any programs, don't even turn the PC off, just get pros to help you or find and install software yourself which will be able to restore lost file.
